OVERVIEW OF ST TeX/LaTeX/DVIST/DVIEPS/etc.
==========================================
 
This file: Version 1.0, 12/26/88     (C) James "Kibo" Parry
 
      TeX and its related accessories can be rather intimidating to
install and use on an ST, but they can be worth it.  This document
contains what I know about this.  I hope it's all correct.  Not all
parts of this document will be relevant to you, I imagine.  (Ignore
the parts that get very technical if you're not a TeX expert.) 
Hopefully, it will help you get started.  The various programs
described here (TeX, DVIST, etc.) each came with a little doc file when
I got them, but this is the only document that tells how to put them
all together.

      I didn't write any of these programs (they authors' names should
be in the bits of documentation with them.)  The programs, and these
fonts, came from many places...  (More on that at the very end of this
file.)

      Sometime when I get a chance I'll format this document with
LaTeX, to make it look nicer.

      This software requires at least 1 Meg, and at least one DS
drive.  Ideally, you should have a hard drive, or two DS floppies, and
more than 1 Meg.  I have 1 floppy drive and 1 Meg, and it can be a
pain to use TeX that way (but it works).

      If there is something you need - such as one particular font
file which isn't included in my distribution, or a LaTeX style file
for printing Esperanto - let me know and I can try to get it.  I'll
also try to answer questions, when I can.  I can be reached at the
following addresses:

      [72347,2731] (CompuServe)
      userfe0n@rpitsmts (Bitnet)
      userfe0n%mts.rpi.edu@itsgw.rpi.edu (Internet)
      James Parry, 138 Birch Lane, Scotia, NY 12302 USA (Postal)

WHAT ARE THESE PROGRAMS FOR?
============================

TeX:  Pronounced "tech" as in "technology", TeX is a document
  processor/typesetter that is available for practically all computers. 
  It has its own fully programmable language, can print complex
  equations and diagrams, and uses its own (large and varied) family
  of typefaces that were carefully designed to look as "smooth" as
  possible on any output device.  (It is _not_ a word processor.)  TeX
  was written by Donald Knuth.  Full documentation of standard TeX is in
  his book "The TeXbook" (volume A of "Computers and Typesetting," other
  volumes of which give the TeX source code, the code for MetaFont (which
  was used to create fonts), and so on.)  I think this version passes
  the TRIP test, i.e., it's a full implementation.

LaTeX:  Leslie Lamport's front-end for TeX.  LaTeX provides "document
  styles" such as "report", "book", "article", and so on to make
  formatting a document easier.  (It also works quite differently
  from plain TeX.)  For full documentation, see "LaTeX: A Document
  Preparation System" by Lamport.

DVIST/DVIEPS:  TeX/LaTeX produces as output a "device independent"
  file with a filename ending in ".DVI".  This file can be processed
  with DVIST on the ST to get a screen display of the printed page; it
  can be processed with DVIEPS on the ST to get 240-dot-per-inch
  printed output from an Epson 9-pin printer; or it can be uploaded to
  any other system that can read standard .DVI files.  DVI files contain
  8-bit data and are not human-readable.

WHAT'S IN THIS DISTRIBUTION:
============================

TEX.TTP         - The TeX program itself for the ST.
*.TEX           - Documents that TeX/LaTeX can read as inputs. 
                  (Can be text of your manuscript, TeX macro
                  definitions to implement new commands, etc.)
*.DVI           - TeX binary output files that can be viewed,
                  printed, etc. with DVIST, DVIEPS, etc., or moved
                  to another kind of computer and printed there too.
PLAIN.FMT       - Compiled TeX macros that define the standard TeX
                  features.
LPLAIN.FMT      - Compiled TeX macros to implement LaTeX.
INITEX.TTP      - Compiles TeX macro libraries.
DVIEPS.TTP      - Program to print DVI files on an Epson 9-pin
                  printer at 240x216 dots-per-inch.
DVIE72.TTP      - Like DVIEPS but uses extremely low resolution (the
                  "plot mode" on many Epsons), that does
                  72x72 dots-per-inch quickly.
DVIST.TTP       - Program to display DVI files on the screen as they
                  would appear if printed.  (Monochrome!)
*.TFM           - "TeX Font Metric" files.  These are read by TeX to
                  let it know how big each character in a typeface is
                  when it processes your document.
*.PK            - Files containing compressed font image data, for
                  DVIEPS and DVIST.  A particular font (say CMR10,
                  which is 10-point tall Computer Modern Roman) will
                  have one .TFM file and many .PK files (for printing
                  at different magnifications.)
*.STY           - Style files for LaTeX styles.  (Article, Report,
                  Book, Memo, German, Esperanto, etc.)
*.DOC           - These are commented versions of the .STY files.
TEX.POO         - The TeX "string pool" -- a resoruce file that
                  contains all the text that TeX needs to print to
                  the screen when it runs.
TEXSHELL.PRG    - A graphic shell for TeX/LaTeX/etc. on the ST.  TeX
                  needs almost all the memory on a 1-Meg machine to
                  run, so this little shell is needed at times, if
                  you don't want to give TEX.TTP commands from the
                  desktop.

INSTALLING THESE:
=================

      (Read the documentation files that the authors of the programs
supplied, in addition to this file!  Also, there are times when there
may be files you do not need (large fonts, unusual style files, etc.,
that you won't need in your installation.  I suggest you save the
original ARCs you received this stuff in, if you have room, and that
way you'll be able to get out files if you later discover you needed a
file that you didn't install.))

On DS floppies:

      TEX.TTP must be on a disk in the same location as
subdirectories TFM and INPUTS. The files TEX.POO, and either or both of
PLAIN.FMT and LPLAIN.FMT must be in the directory with TEX.TTP.  Any
.STY files you want to use with LaTeX should be in the INPUTS
subdirectory.  All the .TFM files go in the TFM subdirectory.  Note
that if you have both PLAIN.FMT and LPLAIN.FMT, you will almost fill a
DS floppy.  (You could install TeX and LaTeX on seperate disks...)  If
you only have one drive, the .TEX files you use with TEX.TTP, as well
as its .DVI output, will all also have to fit on it, unless you follow
the instructions in the documentation file for TEX.TTP (I think it is
called TEXST.TEX, or TEXST.DVI) to put TeX and your .TEX files on
seperate disks.

      For installing the printer fonts, you will need a directory (the
root directory of B: is a good place if you have two drives, or if you
have one drive you can squeeze them onto a disk with your .DVI files
and one of the DVI programs) which contains subdirectories which are
named after the fonts (CMR10, CMBX10, CMMI10, etc.), each of which
contains the various magnifications of the fonts (I.e. each printer
font in this distribution -- say CMBX10 -- is an .ARC file, which
should be de-ARCed into its own folder.)
 
      The fonts I included are all .PK fonts.  With DVIEPS, you can
also use .PXL or .GF fonts -- which will look the same but which take
up much more disk space.  (I think DVIST only reads .PK fonts.)  If you
have two drives, having your .DVI files and the DVI programs on drive
A: and the fonts on drive B: should work nicely.  For people like me
who are only blessed with a single drive, DVIEPS seems to be mean in
that it wants to be on the same disk as the fonts and .DVI files. 
Meaning: very little room.  If you get desperate for space, you can try
deleting some of the larger sizes of .GF files.  (The number in the
font file's name, divided by twenty-four, will give you the point size
for DVIEPS.  The little bitty sizes, 96 and up, are used by DVIST and
DVIE72; for DVIEPS, you will want 240 through 300, at least.)

      If you have only one drive, I think you have to put DVIST on the
disk with your printer fonts and your .DVI file, since I tried telling
it the fonts were on B:, and had no luck...

On a hard disk:

      Since I have just the one DS floppy drive (silly me), I haven't
tried this with a hard drive.  It should work happily though.  It
should also be much more fun and more useful than with floppies (and
all this long waiting for PLAIN.FMT to load, copying .DVI files from
the TeX disk to the DVIEPS/font disk, etc.)

      I don't think there's much chance this would work on SS
floppies, given the hugeness of TEX.TTP and PLAIN.FMT.

RUNNING TeX OR LaTeX
====================

      TeX will require most of your ST's memory if you have just one Meg
of RAM.  (If you have just one Meg, very few shells will leave enough
memory for TeX.)

      To invoke TeX, the command (from a shell) to process your
document (for this example, INFILE.TEX) is:
                        TEX &PLAIN INFILE
which will load TEX.TTP, and the PLAIN.FMT TeX macros, and then
process your document (in file INFILE.TEX), and will write output to
INFILE.DVI (as well as INFILE.AUX and INFILE.ERR if it needs to).

      You can also just double-click TEX.TTP from the desktop and type
&PLAIN INFILE into the alert box that comes up, or you can use the
teensy little shell TEXSHELL.PRG (select 'TeX' then the name of your
.TEX file).

      Running LaTeX is just like running TeX except that you load in
LPLAIN.FMT instead of PLAIN.FMT.  (I.e. you'd do:)
                        TEX &LPLAIN INFILE

      TeX can also be used interactively, that is, you can invoke it
with no arguments, and then type TeX commands to it.  It will also
stop and give you the TeX prompt ("*") if it finds an error in your
TeX document.  For full information on TeX or LaTeX, please read the
books on TeX or LaTeX!  (Reading the LaTeX book is not neccessary if
you just use TeX without LaTeX;  however, you may want to be familiar
with TeX to use LaTeX.)

      There are environment variables you can set in a shell to tell
it where your files (.TEX, .TFM, etc.) are... what I gave above for
installing it is the default.  (See the documentatino for TEX.TTP.)

USING DVIST TO VIEW
===================

      DVIST.TTP will allow you to view your .DVI file's contents on a
_monochrome_ screen, showing you exactly what you'll get when you
print the page.

      DVIST needs low-resolution printer font files corresponding to
the fonts you used in your document;  it's rather fussy about having
the proper fonts installed.

      To invoke DVIST on a .DVI file named INFILE.DVI, when your fonts
are in the root directory of drive A:, you would type
this command from a shell:
                        DVIST -fA:\ INFILE
Or, you could double-click DVIST.TTP and enter "-fA:\ INFILE". 
See the doc file for DVIST.TTP for full instructions.

USING DVIEPS TO PRINT
=====================

      DVIEPS requires a full meg of memory.  (I think DVIE72 requires
somewhat less, but I'm not sure.)  DVIEPS will print your file on an
Epson 9-pin printer by doing three passes of quad density graphics per
line (240x216 dots per inch)... this can be done on most Epson
models, i.e. RX80, FX80, etc., but not the very earliest, i.e. MX80. 
DVIE72 uses a newer graphics density, 'plotter mode', which gives 72x72
dots per inch resolution.  (This isn't available on all Epsons,
either, being fairly new.)
 
      DVIEPS uses the larger sizes of PK font files.  A "240PK" font
file is 10 points tall (.14 inch), and so on.  If it can't find a font
file of exactly the right size, it will search for larger and smaller
sizes of the same font that are "standard" (i.e. 240, 249, 250, 263,
273, 274, 288PK...), and if there are no sizes of that font, it will
skip that font enitrely.  You can also supply a "font substitution"
file, which will explain to the program which fonts/sizes to substitute
for missing ones.
 
      To invoke DVIEPS on a file INFILE.DVI, with the fonts in the
root directory of drive A:, the command from a shell would be:
                  DVIEPS -eTEXFONTS=A: -z INFILE
      (or you could define the environment variable TEXFONTS, then you
wouldn't have to keep telling DVIEPS where the fonts were.)  The -z
option makes the program print its output;  if you leave it out, it
will write to an ENORMOUS file named INFILE.EPS.  DVIE72 works just
like DVIEPS.  Both can also be invoked from the desktop in the usual
way.  Options are:
      -b      print starting with the last page
      -c#     # of copies
      -d#     debug.  -d32767 will let you watch it search for fonts.
      -eNAME=string    define an environment variable, like TEXFONTS
      -fname  specify a font substitution file's name
      -l      don't write an .ERR log
      -m#     specify a magnification (1200=default=actual size)
      -o#     print one page
      -o#:#   print a range of pages
      -o#:#:# print a range of pages, with the third number being the
              "step" between pages
      -p      prohibit pre-font loading
      -q      don't print status displays to the screen
      -t      "twice a line" mode
      -x#     set a left margin (I don't remember if these commands
              expect the value to be in inches or points or
              centipoints...)
      -y#     set a right margin
      -z      send ouput to printer and NOT to a huge disk file
      (no, I haven't tried all of these.  This list came from reading
through the source code.)
 
      DVIEPS will, on an Epson 9-pin, produce a page image that's
stretched a little vertically (110% tall).  This looks fine, but you
may not have a bottom margin!  If your documents aren't centered, you
could try telling DVIEPS to print with a 1/2" top margin.
 
NOTES ON PRINTER FONTS (somewhat technical)
======================
 
      Although each individual font file (such as CMR10/240PK) is
fairly small (3-10K), there are usually a _lot_ of them in any TeX
installation.  There are many fonts that go with standard TeX (most,
but not all of which, I have supplied in some form or another), and
each must be available in all the resolutions that DVIEPS/DVIE72/DVIST
need.  (PK font files are GF font files that have been compressed;
there are also PXL font files in use.  Converters such as GFTOPK and
PXLTOPK are available.)
 
      Because of lack of space, all the printer fonts included are
various sizes of 10-point fonts ONLY.  If you need another font, say
12-point, you can request your font in TeX as "cmr10 at 12pt" to get
Roman, etc.  A definition like "\font\myfont=cmr10 at 12pt" will save a
lot of trouble.  (Also see the appendix in the TeXbook that talks about
font environments.)  I think the way LaTeX on the ST is set up, when
you ask for LaTeX font sizes (\small, \Large, \HUGE, etc.) it picks
sizes of the 10-point fonts.
 
      I have built a "font substitution" file that I use with DVIEPS,
which I will upload as an example.  It lets me print documents that
require fonts I don't have (cmr7, etc.)
 
      (There are .TFM files for fonts other than the 10-point ones,
which will let you format documents that have to have, say, CMR7. 
There are also some screen fonts for such fonts, for DVIST, in case
you want to view a document that wants them.  It is possible to get
away with using nothing but the 10-point fonts, though.)
 
      The fonts come out very black on my Epson 9-pin.  They come out
nice and dark even if you've been printing with the same ribbon long
past the point when you would ordinarily have discarded it.  When I
get a little better with MetaFont, I'm going to try making some new
versions of the fonts, 'tuned' to be lighter on the Epsons.  (I
also hope to have a 24-pin Epson to play with soon...)
 
      Here is what the font names in TeX mean.  "CM" is "Computer
Modern".  ("AM", which you may see in some documents, is the obsolete
"Almost Modern" font family.)  Pictures of these fonts can be seen in
"Computer Modern Typefaces", volume E of Knuth's "Computers And
Typesetting".  Asterisks indicate the fonts that you will see used
the most often, and will likely need.  (There are others besides the
ones on this list, also... for Cyrillic, Turkish, Chinese... and
more...)
 
      Roman fonts
    * CMR        - Roman.
    * CMTI       - Text Italic (like CMR, but slanted and curly.)
      CMSL       - Slanted (like CMR, but slanted.)
      CMB        - Bold (like CMR, but darker.)
    * CMBX       - Bold Extended (like CMR, but darker and wider.)
      CMBXTI     - Bold Extended Text Italic.
      CMBXSL     - Bold Extended Slanted.
      CMCSC      - Roman capitals and small capitals.
      CMU        - Unslanted Italic.  (I.e. curly but vertical)
 
      Typewriter fonts
    * CMTT       - Typewriter.  (All characters are the same width.)
      CMSLTT     - Slanted Typewriter.
      CMITT      - Italic Typewriter.
      CMVTT      - Variable-spaced Typewriter (I think this looks
                   nice.)
      CMTCSC     - Typewriter capitals and small capitals.
      CMTEX      - Typewriter extended.
 
      Sans-Serif fonts
    * CMSS       - Sans-Serif (like Helvetica.)
      CMSSI      - Sans-Serif Italic
    * CMSSBX     - Sans-Serif Bold Extended.
      CMSSDC     - Sans-Serif Demibold Condensed
      CMSSQ      - Sans-Serif Quotation (little bitty letters)
      CMSSQI     - Sans-Serif Quotation Italic
      CMINCH     - Like CMSSBX, but 1" (72 pt.) tall.
 
      Other text fonts
      CMDUNH     - Dunhill Roman
      CMFF       - Funny Roman (goofy-looking)
      CMFIB      - Fibonacci Roman
 
      Math and symbol fonts
    * CMMI       - Mathematical italics.
      CMMIB      - Bold math italics.
    * CMSY       - Symbols (and calligraphic capitals).
      CMSYB      - Bold symbols (and calligraphic capitals).
    * CMEX       - Math extension (big brackets, etc.)
      LASY       - LaTeX symbols.
      LASYB      - Bold LaTeX symbols.
      LINE       - LaTeX line segments & arrows.
      LINEW      - LaTeX wide line segments & arrows.
      CIRCLE     - LaTeX circles and arcs.
      CIRCLEW    - LaTeX wide circles and arcs.
      LOGO       - The MetaFont insignia.
      MANFNT     - Used for printing the TeXbook and MetaFontbook
                   examples
 
      To see what any of these fonts look like, invoke TeX on the file
TESTFONT.TEX ("TEX &PLAIN TESTFONT") and name your font ("cmr10 at
17pt", "cmvtt10", "cmbx10 at 12pt", etc.) and follow the
instructions.  (TESTFONT.TEX is an implementation of the macros from
the back of The MetaFontBook, volume C of "Computers And Typesetting",
with only minor changes.)
 
      If you wish to use .GF, .PK, or .PXL fonts from a local
mainframe, miniframe, or PC with ST TeX, here are some pointers to
remember:
 
      DVIEPS, DVIST, etc., all think that a magnification of 1200 is
actual size (not 1000!).  For DVIST's (and DVIE72's) 72-dot-per-inch
printouts, you will want fonts created for 96 dot-per-inch systems,
i.e. "96PK"-type ones for 10pt fonts print out 10pt tall , "106PK"
(96x1.1) files for 10pt fonts print at 11pt, and so on.  For the Epson,
the magic number is 240 -- a "240PK" file of a 10pt font will print
10pt tall, a "300PK" (240x1.25) will print 12.5pt tall, etc.
 
      There are differences between "real" TeX fonts in sizes of 5pt,
6pt, etc., and the 10pt fonts scalled down.  (The "real" 5pt font's
proportions are quite wide, to enhance readability.)  If you work with
really small print, you may want to get the actual small fonts.
 
      Fonts from different sources may look slightly different.  For
instance, there is a parameter used when creating fonts that corrects
for how darkly the printer prints -- meaning fonts designed for a
printer that prints very darkly will be a little lighter.  Also, a few
fonts I've seen (notably CMVT10 for Xerox 8790s) have been strangely
distorted.
 
WHERE THESE PROGRAMS CAME FROM
==============================
 
      I don't remember which of many particular files came from which
places, but here are systems where files related to ST TeX, or TeX in
general, may be found (if you have access to FTP and/or UUCP):
      netlib@lakesys.uucp   - Atari ST UseNet archives
      clio (35.195.16.4)    - Where I got DVIST and ST TeX
      dsrgsun.ces.cwru.edu (129.22.16.2) - Sources for another TeX 
                              implementation, "CommonTeX", for the ST
      score.stanford.edu    - The main source for generic TeX.  Lots
                              of .GF format fonts.
      science.utah.edu      - Similar to above (but no fonts)
      sun.soe.clarkson.edu  - Home of lots of LaTeX .STY files. 
                              There are also some .PK font files.
      cs.washington.edu     - Un*x TeX sources
(I can't guarantee that this information is currently correct, nor can I
tell you much more about these hosts.  These are taken from the notes
in my little black book.)  Many of fonts and style files came from
local computers I have accounts on.
 
      There are additional "toys" you can get to go with standard TeX,
which can probably be made to work on STs.  These include, among
others: PiCTeX, for drawing diagrams;  BibTeX, for compiling
bibliographies;  and SliTeX, for making slides.
 
      Many thanks to the authors of these programs, for writing them
for the good of all, and especially to John R. Dunning who was kind
enough to mail me DVIEPS.
 
      Good luck with ST TeX.  Let me know what happens...
                                    - James "Kibo" Parry
      